Human Growth and Development
As we age and go through different stages in our life, we often deal with certain day-to-day encounters in our environment that may effect our mental health. While some encounters may be more minor or major than others, they all differ from person to person. In addition, they have the power to influence how we view not only ourselves, but also everyone and everything around us. Erik Erickson’s eight stages of psychosocial development take us through the ways we mentally adapt to our surroundings.
Birth to 12 months old: Trust vs. Mistrust - Infants develop a sense of trust in their caretaker and how they fulfill their basic needs for survival. If not, they may develop a sense of anxiety, fear, or mistrust due to the unpredictability of their caregiver.
1 to 3 years old: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt - Toddlers begin to show preference for things they like (food, toys, clothes, etc.). They also begin to seek independence, wanting to do things without anyone’s help. If not, they may doubt their abilities and develop a low self esteem.
3 to 6 years old: Initiative vs. Guilt - Children start to develop basic social skills. They may either begin to make their own choices and become self-confident or have over controlling parents that limit their child’s exploration.
6 to 12 years old: Industry vs. Inferiority - Here children begin to compare themselves to other kids around them. From there, they either develop a sense of pride or doubt about their accomplishments or lack thereof.
12 to 18 years old: Identity vs. Role Confusion - Teens begin to struggle with identifying their true selves. Here they will either have a strong sense of identity or struggle to find themselves and their role in the future.
20s to early 40s: Intimacy vs. Isolation - In young adulthood, one’s identity has been actualized and they are now ready to share their lives with others. If not, they may struggle with feelings of isolation and/or loneliness.
40s to mid 60s - Generativity vs. Stagnation - Middle-aged adults begin to contribute to the lives of others (child birth, taking care of others, etc.). If not they may question their productivity in life and have little interest in self-improvement.
Mid 60s to End of Life: Integrity vs. Despair - In late adulthood, people will either feel a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction with the trajectory their lives or look back at life with many regrets.
During What Stage Did/Do You Struggle with the Most?
All of us have gone through each of these stages in one way or another. But which stage have you struggled with the most? What do you think is the reason you why?
